The design of information begins by examining the site's hierarchy. A navigational system designed according to an appropriate hierarchy clarifies the content and structure of the site for the users--users are oriented to the various sections within the site and can determine the importance of content by its relative position. (6.2) Users can also determine their current location and current navigation options.

It is essential that the designer determine how the user will move through the site. An effective design provides the user with the shortest possible path to the information. A site structure that features layer upon layer of subcategories often results in frustration for the user. Users want the simplest and quickest path possible to get their desired information--they do not want to scroll through endless levels of menu links. Navigation shortcuts, such as site indexes and maps, are essential for complex sites. It is also important, however, to avoid redundant paths on the same page. Redundant links not only take up screen space, but can confuse the user. Users might assume that the redundant links will take them to different pages.

Design also enhances usability by providing the user with an escape--a way to immediately go back to any point, including a way back to the homepage. Users who feel they are lost instinctively try to retrace their steps through the site and start over again. When users cannot find their way back to the homepage, they feel stranded within the site. It is important to have a clear path with descriptive labels so users can quickly and easily backtrack. (6.3)